Why does it occur?
We refer to the amount of load/volume that your tendon can withstand happily as tendon tolerance. When there is a discrepancy between patellar tendon tolerance, and the amount of load it is being subjected to, an acute overload occurs. For the next 24-36 hours following tendon overload, there is a net loss of collagen content (the building block of tendon tissue) within the tendon and is, therefore, weaker during this short window. However, if you allow adequate rest time and recover well, your body produces more and newer collagen tissue and your tendons adapt positively—this is how we get stronger, faster, and more explosive with training.
Can you keep doing the things you enjoy?
Tendons love load and are extremely adaptable! Complete rest is often the worst thing you can do for a tendon. If exercise is avoided, the tendon becomes accustomed to this and it becomes more difficult to reintroduce the activity once more. Instead, the key principle in management of Jumper’s Knee is progressive loading. Once you have modified your training to a level that your tendon can tolerate without flare-ups of pain, you can begin to build slowly from there. Three phases of tendon loading rehabilitation are outlined below.
Low-to-moderate levels of tendon pain are acceptable during the tendon loading program. Research suggests that exercising within <3/10 pain is safe to do, and will still elicit favourable adaptations. Additionally, the tendon’s response for the following 24-48 hours is important to monitor.
A green light analogy is useful for monitoring your response to exercise:
Phase 1: Symptom Reduction
The first component of Jumper’s Knee rehabilitation program is symptom reduction. Isometric exercises, where muscles contract without moving, are effective in reducing tendon pain. This involves constant load across the tendon, at a tolerable level of pain, which allows the tendon tissue to desensitise. Here are two examples:
Wall sits: 5 x 45s holds
Spanish squats: 5 x 45s holds
Phase 2: Build strength/Capacity:
Once your tendon pain is at a more manageable level, it is safe to introduce more challenging exercises to increase muscle strength and capacity. Doing so will allow the muscles and tendons to generate higher forces and tolerate these forces better!
Bulgarian Split Squats: 3 x 12 reps/leg
Decline Tempo Squats: 3 x 10 reps. 3 second lower, 1-second raise.
Phase 3: Energy Storage and Release:
Once there is sufficient muscle/tendon strength we can begin to introduce plyometric exercises. These types of movements subject the tendons to high loads quickly and challenge the energy storage and release function previously described.
Drop Jumps: 3 x 10 reps
Seated box jumps: 3 x 10 reps
Depth Jumps: 3 x 10 reps.
The final phase of rehabilitation not discussed in depth in this blog is the return to sport phase. These activities will be specific to each sport and position and can begin once energy storage and release activities are well tolerated 2-3x/week. Again, the workload in this phase must slowly increase within the acceptable levels of pain.
Ultimately, as with most injuries, the best way to manage Jumper’s Knee is to prevent it in the first place! The exercises provide a framework to get out of pain and can minimise your risk of developing Jumper’s Knee in the future. For a more tailored approach, specific to you, your sport and your goals, contact PEAK to book in with one of our Coaches!
Tommy Jarrard
Physiotherapist PEAK
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